Le couvercle et les coins sont gravement endommagés. The sarcophagus has ten scenes in two registers. Son père, Junius Annius Bassus, avait été Préfet du prétoire. Celles du haut représentent, de gauche à droite, la Ligature d'Isaac, l'arrestation de Pierre, le Christ en gloire, le Christ conduit à Ponce Pilate et Pilate se lavant les mains. His family held high political positions. It was once descried as "probably the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture." Before Emperor Constantine’s acceptance, Christianity had a marginal status in the Roman world. Le style général est typique de l'Anatolie de l'époque[3]. Age of spirituality : late antique and early Christian art, third to seventh century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarcophagus_of_Junius_Bassus&oldid=1009862838, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Elizabeth Struthers Malbon. Martyrdom. [18] Pilate has a mild and passive appearance, contrasting strongly with the powerful and determined expression of the figure in low relief profile behind him on the wall, the only figure in these scenes depicted in this style and technique. On peut par exemple voir des angelots récoltant des raisins et d'autres scènes liées à la thématique des saisons. In his role as prefect, Junius Bassus was responsible for the administration of the city of Rome. Adam and Eve are shown covering their nakedness after the Fall of Man, which created the original sin and hence the need for Christ to be sacrificed for our sins. Junius Bassus himself was an important figure and a senator who was in charge of the government of the capital when he died in 359. The tiny spandrels above the lower row show scenes with all participants depicted as lambs: on either side of Christ entering Jerusalem are the Miracle of the loaves and fishes and the Baptism of Jesus. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. By the middle of the fourth century Christianity had undergone a dramatic transformation. The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a marble Early Christian sarcophagus used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who died in 359. Junius Bassus byl důležitou osobností, senátorem, který měl na starosti vládu hlavního města jako praefectus urbi, když zemřel ve věku 42 let v roce 359. Attracting converts in the urban populations, Christianity appealed to the faithful’s desires for personal salvation; however, due to Christianity’s monotheism (which prohibited its followers from participating in the public cults), Christians suffered periodi… The Sarcophagus was once located in Old St. Peter's Basilica. The sides have more traditional Roman scenes of the Four Seasons represented by putti performing seasonal tasks such as harvesting grapes. Sur les côtés, les gravures sont plus proches du style romain traditionnel. Christians saw these as foreshadowings of the sacrifice of God's only son, Jesus, though the Crucifixion itself, a rare subject up until the 5th century, is not depicted. [6] The form continues the increased separation of the scenes; it had been an innovation of the earliest Christian sarcophagi to combine a series of incidents in one continuous (and rather hard to read) frieze, and also to have two registers one above the other, but these examples show a trend to differentiate the scenes, of which the Junius Bassus is the culmination, producing a "multitude of miniature stages", which allow the spectator "to linger over each scene", which was not the intention of earlier reliefs which were only "shorthand pictographs" of each scene, only intended to identify them. The angel standing behind Abraham in the Sacrifice of Isaac is depicted similarly, and without wings. 11835 - Vatican Museum - Museo Pio Cristiano (3482652780).jpg 800 × 600; 107 KB. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. His father had held the position of Praetorian prefect, which involved administration of the Western Empire. Both scenes borrow from pagan Roman iconography: in the top one Jesus is sitting with his feet on a billowing cloak representing the sky, carried by Caelus, the classical personification of the heavens. The base is approximately 4 x 8 x 4 feet. Ernst Kitzinger finds "a far more definite reattachment to aesthetic ideals of the Graeco-Roman past" than in the earlier Dogmatic Sarcophagus and that of the "Two Brothers", also in the Vatican Museums. The double registers and intercolumniations create niches for ten individual figurative reliefs, which combine in a complex iconographic programme that uses both Old and New Testament stories. Sur la face du sarcophage, dix niches représentent des scènes de l'ancien et du nouveau Testament. À droite, le péché originel. Further small reliefs on the lid, and heads at the corners, are badly damaged. The Old Testament scenes depicted were chosen as precursors of Christ's sacrifice in the New Testament, in an early form of typology. Junius Bassus was an important figure, a senator who was in charge of the government of the capital as praefectus urbi when he died at the age of 42 in 359. In all the three scenes where he appears Christ is a youthful, beardless figure with shortish hair (though longer than that of other figures), which is typical of Christian art at this period. Les scènes représentées, complexes, font référence aussi bien à l'Ancien qu'au Nouveau Testament. If he is not just one of Pilate's subordinate officers, he may be intended as a portrait or statue of the emperor; Roman official business was usually conducted before such an image, upon which (under the deified pagan emperors) any oaths required were made. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Before Emperor Constantine’s acceptance, Christianity had a marginal status in the Roman world. Before Pilate Christ also carries a scroll, like a philosopher. This marble Sarcophagus was used for the burial of Junius Bassus (317-359), a member of the senatorial aristocracy in Rome. "[4] The sarcophagus has been seen as reflecting a blending of late Hellenistic style with the contemporary Roman or Italian one, seen in the "robust" proportions of the figures, and their slightly over-large heads. Il est le plus célèbre relief de l'art paléochrétien et l'un des plus anciens sarcophages sculptés avec des thèmes chrétiens[1]. The Iconography of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. Il a été décrit comme "probablement le morceau le plus célèbre de la sculpture en relief paléochrétien." Il mourut à l'âge de 42 ans en 359. Celles du bas représentent, de gauche à droite, Job dans le dénuement et pleuré par ses proches, le péché originel, l'entrée du Christ à Jérusalem, Daniel dans la fosse aux lions et l'arrestation de Paul[4]. This marble sarcophagus was made specifically for Junius, and was completed in 395 CE by an unknown artist. The sarcophagus was originally placed in or under Old St. Peter's Basilica, was rediscovered in 1597, and is now below the modern basilica in the Museo Storico del Tesoro della Basilica di San Pietro (Museum of Saint Peter's Basilica) in the Vatican. [23] The reeds behind Paul probably represent the boggy area of the city where Paul's execution was traditionally believed to have happened. The putti in the Chronography also relate closely to those on the sides of the sarcophagus.[22]. Bacchus was often associated with death; the transformative qualities of his character usually referred to one's mental state (due to alcohol) and one's physical state (as Bacchus himself is a twice-born god)… Inscription (on upper edge): IUN•BASSUS•V•C•QUI VIXIT ANNIS•XLII MEN•II•IN IPSA PRAEFECTURA URBI NEOFITUS IIT AD DEUM•VII•KAL•SEPT•EUSEBIO ET YPATIO COSS. Le sarcophage de Junius Bassus est un sarcophage de marbre datant de la période chrétienne primitive. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus Christianity becomes legal. À gauche, le procès du Christ. The carvings are in high relief on three sides of the sarcophagus, allowing for its placement against a wall. It has been described as "probably the single most famous piece of early Christian relief sculpture." Another reason that this sculpture is important is demonstrated by the subject matter. Marble, Treasury, St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. Martyrdom of Paul, Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (detail), 359 C.E. The style of the work has been greatly discussed by art historians, especially as its date is certain, which is unusual at this period. As recorded in an inscription on the sarcophagus now in the Vatican collection, Junius Bassus had become a convert to Christianity shortly before his death. "[1] The sarcophagus was originally placed in or under Old St. Peter's Basilica, was rediscovered in 1597,[2] and is now below the modern basilica in the Museo Storico del Tesoro della Basilica di San Pietro (Museum of Saint Peter's Basilica) in the Vatican. The sarcophagus of Junius Bassus once spoke volumes to its audience. This marble Sarcophagus was used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who died in 359. On peut tout de même distinguer de petits reliefs montrant des scènes de fêtes et une procession funéraire dans le style typique des sarcophages païens[2]. When Junius Bassus died at the age of 42 in the year 359, a sarcophagus was made for him. Adam and Eve themselves made no sacrifices, but behind Eve is a lamb, and beside Adam a sheaf of wheat, referring to the sacrifices of their two sons, Cain and Abel. Both scenes also took place in Rome, and this local interest is part of the balance of Christian and traditional Roman gestures that the sarcophagus shows. The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a marble Early Christian sarcophagus used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who died in 359. Nevertheless, the audio conversation was recorded in the treasury in Saint Peter's Basilica, in front of the original sarcophagus. Because he was in public office, and most of Rome still practiced pagan beliefs, Junius was not baptized only when he was on his deathbed. Junius Bassus. Le défunt n'est pas représenté, mais une inscription élogieuse est présente sur le sarcophage. Il était chargé de l'administration d'une grande partie de l'Ouest de l'Empire romain. no particular artist has been A striking sarcophagus in the museum. Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, 359 C.E., marble (Treasury, St. Peter’s Basilica) Such an individual was Junius Bassus. Christ appears in the centre of both rows; in the top row as a law-giver or teacher between his chief followers, Peter and Paul (the Traditio Legis), and on the bottom entering Jerusalem. Attracting converts in the urban populations, Christianity appealed to the faithful’s desires for personal salvation; however, due to Christianity’s monotheism (which prohibited its followers from participating in the public cults), Christians suffered periodic episodes of persecution. Not only was it among the earliest visuals of Jesus of Nazareth in the newly Christian world, but it is also special because it provides Christian scenes on a coffin. More about him and his sarcophagus here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Junius_Bassus. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarcophage_de_Junius_Bassus&oldid=181612060, Portail:Religions et croyances/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Sarcophage de Junius Bassus, marbre, 359 après J.C. Legendas; Subtitles info; Atividade; Editar legendas Seguir. Ancient Scripture (5987266570).jpg 3,264 × 2,448; 1.82 MB. The inclusion of the pagan figure of Caelus may seem strange, but he was not an important figure in Ancient Roman religion, so was evidently considered as a harmless pictorial convention by the Christian designer of the composition, as well as one of the elements showing continuity with Roman tradition. modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata. The sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, a coffin made of marble, is one of the earliest surviving high-status examples depicting Early Christian iconography. In the bottom row: Job on the dunghill, Adam and Eve, Christ's entry into Jerusalem, Daniel in the lion's den (heads restored), Arrest or leading to execution of Paul. The sarcophagus of Junius Bassus ( Figure 1) is a prominent example of early Christian art. Christ hands Peter a scroll, probably representing the Gospels, as emperors were often shown doing to their heirs, ministers or generals.[16]. ; “Junius Bassis, cir clarissimus, forty-two years and two months old, performing the duties of city prefect went newly baptized to God on 25 August during the consulate of Eusebius and Hypatius.” The lower scene loosely follows the entry ("adventus") of an emperor to a city, a scene often depicted in Imperial art; Christ is "identified as imperator by the imperial eagle of victory" in the conch moulding above the scene. [12] The other scenes may be the Three youths in the fiery furnace, the Raising of Lazarus, Moses receiving the tablets and Moses striking the rock.[13]. The arrangement of relief scenes in rows in a columnar framework is an introduction from Asia Minor at about this time. The Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus is a marble Early Christian sarcophagus used for the burial of Junius Bassus, who died in 359. As recorded in an inscription on the sarcophagus now in the Vatican collection, Junius Bassus had become a convert to Christianity shortly before his death. [3] All are agreed that the workmanship is of the highest quality available at the time, as one might expect for the tomb of such a prominent figure. The Last Supper. He was a member of a senatorial family. Many still believed, like Tertullian, that it was not possible to be an emperor and a Christian, which also went for the highest officials like Bassus. 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